The heart is circulatory organs which pump blood through the body. Blood helps to transport nutrition and oxygen to different parts of body and transport metabolic waste and deoxygenated blood away from the cells. Without pumping action of the heart, cells will not get oxygen and nutrition which force them to die.

Human heat is located in the chest above the diaphragm. Ribcage encloses heart inside it. It is exactly located between the lungs.  It is bounded by oesophagus, lungs, sternum, and diaphragm.

The size of the heart is about a human fist weighing about 220 too 500 grams. Superior and inferior artery and cava are located below the heart.

Where is your heart located left or right?

The base of the heart is located along midline with slightly tilted apex to the left side. As apex tilted towards to left side, two third mass located towards the left side and one third to the right side.

Anatomy of heart

The walls of the heart are composed of special cardiac muscle called pericardium. It has the special elastic property that helps in pumping action of the heart. The heart has four chambers, four valves. The right side of heart collects deoxygenated blood from the body and pumps to lungs, also known as pulmonary circulation. The left side pumps oxygenated blood to different parts of the body through arteries, also known as systemic circulation.

Heart walls can be divided into following

Pericardium:

It is outer covering which protects hearts from moving inside the body. It is a sac-like structure

Myocardium:

It is middle layer of the heart wall that contains fibrous membrane which has the action of pumping.

Endocardium:

It is the innermost layer of hearts enclosing all chambers of the heart.

The heart has four chambers which include two atria (right and left) and two ventricles (right and left). It helps to pump blood to different parts of the body.

Right atria:

It collects blood from inferior vena cava from below and from superior vena cava from above. A very thin wall covers it. It passes collected blood to right ventricles

Right ventricles:

It collects deoxygenated blood from right atria and pumps it to the lung through the pulmonary circulation. Thick walls cover it.

Left atria:

It collects oxygenated blood from lungs and pumps it to left ventricles. It is covered thin walls

Left ventricles:

It collects blood from the left atrium and pumps blood to different parts of the body through arteries. The thick wall covers it as it requires to generate greater force for contraction.

The heart has four valves which prevent backflow of blood

1. Tricuspid valve: it prevents backflow of blood from right ventricles to right atira
2. Pulmonary valve: it prevents backflow of blood to the right ventricles
3. Bicuspid valve: it prevents backflow of blood to left atria during contraction left ventricles
4. Aortic valve: it prevents backflow of blood to left ventricles.

The heat supplied by parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves of autonomic nervous system encircling hearts.

Blood supplied to hearts through the left and right coronary artery which is known as coronary circulation.

Heart attack

A heart attack is a serious medical condition in which a clot usually blocks blood supply to the heart. The coronary circulation blocks during a heart attack. The medical term for heart attack is myocardial infarction. When the circulation of blood to heart muscle cells stops working the cells starts to die due to lack of oxygen supply. The heart muscle loses its contractile force, and no blood is pumped to different parts of by

Symptoms of a heart attack include

Chest pain: myocardial infarction causes heart muscle cell to lose their contractile force and likely to die to cause serious chest pain.

Dizziness: heart muscle cannot pump blood to body parts because contractibility of heart muscle lost due to blockage of blood supply to heart cells.

Shortness of breath

Overwhelming anxiety and excitation

The coronary blockage, mostly caused by cholesterol molecule. High level of cholesterol in the blood causes the blockage of blood supply to heart and heart lose its contractile force.

The main function of the heart

The primary function of the heart is to pump blood to different parts of the body. Hearts helps to transport following things towards and away from cells

Oxygen: oxygen supplied to cells through the blood which heart helps to pumps towards them. Oxygen binds with a haemoglobin of RBC of blood. Oxygen is a key component in the metabolic process of the human body

Nutrition: the obtained from food cannot reach cells directly. Blood is the medium that helps to transport nutrition required by body cells.

Hormones: the exocrine glands secrete its secretion to blood which pumped by the heart to transport hormones to different parts of the human body.

Metabolic waste: cells produce waste materials during metabolism. Blood helps them to take away from cells and helps to throw out of the body from sweat, urine and stool.

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